Everything about Patriarch Job Of Moscow totally explained
Job (
Iov), also known as
Job of Moscow (2nd quarter of the
16th century -
June 19,
1607) was the first
Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.
Early life
His birth name was Ioann (a form of
John). As a teenager, Ioann knew most of the biblical texts by heart and strove to become a
monk. His father, however, insisted that he marry. Once, Ioann asked his father's permission to see his
confessor in the Uspensky
Monastery in their native town of
Staritsa (
Tver Oblast). Upon his arrival, Ioann immediately took
monastic vows and assumed the
religious name of Job. He spent fifteen years in the cloister and finally became its
abbot in
1566 with the help of
Ivan the Terrible, who had made Staritsa his residence during the time of the
Oprichnina.
In
1571, Job was transferred to
Moscow and appointed abbot of the
Simonov Monastery. In
1575, he became the abbot of the
Novospassky Monastery. In
1581, Job was
consecrated as
Bishop of
Kolomna.
Known as a person of mediocre mental abilities, he nevertheless managed to draw the attention of
Boris Godunov by his talent for reading the longest of prayers by heart in a very expressive manner. During the reign of
Feodor I (whose government was controlled by Boris Godunov), Job was appointed
archbishop of
Rostov and
Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia in
1587.
Election
Realizing the necessity of strengthening the
ecclesiastic authority in
Russia, Godunov managed to persuade the
Patriarch of Constantinople Jeremias II to establish a
patriarchate in Russia. On
January 26,
1589, Job was elected the first
Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. He exercised all his influence and played a major part in Boris Godunov's ascending to the Russian throne.
Patriarchate
Job didn't approve, however, of Godunov's proposal to open a
university in Moscow satffed with foreign professors because he believed their influence and non-
Orthodox faith would spread
heterodoxy and endanger the purity of the Russian Church. Under Job's supervision, the
Russians corrected books for the
divine services and prepared them for publication.
He assisted in the
glorification (canonization) of some of the Russian
saints, ordering the celebration of the memory of
Basil Fool for Christ in
1588, as well as that of
Joseph Volotsky and others. Patriarch Job also favored the construction of new
cathedrals and monasteries and
Christian missionary activities in the recently conquered
Astrakhan Khanate and
Siberia. After the mysterious death of
tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich in
1591, Job accepted the non-criminal version of his demise, supporting Boris Godunov every step of the way.
After the invasion of
False Dmitriy I and sudden death of Boris Godunov on
June 1,
1605, there was an uprising in Moscow.
Death
Job was known as a harsh critic of False Dmitriy I and he tried to persuade the people of Moscow to remain loyal to the deceased
tsar. The armed supporters of the
impostor burst into the
Cathedral of the Dormition and a
boyar named P. F. Basmanov declared Job a traitor. Job was sent into
exile to his monastery in Staritsa, where he went completely blind and finally died a very sick man in 1607.
In
1652, Job's
relics were transferred to the Cathedral of the Dormition of the
Moscow Kremlin, where they remain to this day. Patriarch Job was
glorified as a
saint by the
Russian Orthodox Church in
1989.
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